A System for Resilience Learning: Developing a Community-Driven, Multi-Sector Research Approach for Greater Preparedness and Resilience to Long-Term Climate Stressors and Extreme Events in the Miami Metropolitan Region
Abstract
There is a growing need for integrated approaches that align community priorities with strategies that build resilience to climate hazards, societal shocks, and economic crises to ensure more equitable and sustainable outcomes. We anticipate that adaptive management and resilience learning are central elements for these approaches. In this paper, we describe an approach to build and test a Resilience Learning System to support research and implementation of a resilience strategy developed for the Greater Miami and the Beaches or the Resilient305 Strategy. Elements foundational to the design of this integrated research strategy and replicable Resilience Learning System are: (1) strong partnerships among community members, government and non-government organization leaders, and researchers from multiple academic institutions; (2) contributions of subject matter expertise and local knowledge to identify information and translational gaps, formulate metrics and evaluate outcomes of Resilient305 Strategy actions from the community perspective; and (3) a comprehensive understanding of civic engagement activities, technological tools, and resilience-building capacities, including policy and financial innovations, from which to advance socio-technological, smart and connected regional-to-hyperlocal community translation through co-design/co-production. Initial results on co-produced metrics are provided. This work produces a new, replicable framework for resilience research that includes a comprehensive set of metrics, translation to communities through structured dialogues, a collaborative process involving all stakeholders and researchers, and evaluation of resilience actions to inform new investments and improve understanding and effectiveness over time.
References
- [2018] Combining co-benefits and stakeholders perceptions into green infrastructure selection for flood risk reduction. Environments, 5: 1–23. Crossref, Google Scholar
- ARUP and Rockefeller Foundation (2014). City Resilience Framework. London: Ove Arup & Partners International Limited. Available at https://assets.rockefellerfoundation. org/app/uploads/20150530121930/City-Resilience-Framework1.pdf. Google Scholar
- [2013] A social–ecological approach to conservation planning: Embedding social considerations. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 11: 194–202. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2007] Understanding uncertainty and reducing vulnerability: Lessons from resilience thinking. Natural Hazards, 41: 283–295. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [1998] Linking Social and Ecological Systems. Management Practices and Social Mechanisms for Building Resilience. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar
- [2006] Knowledge, learning and the evolution of conservation practice for social-ecological system resilience. Human Ecology, 34: 479–494. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2017] The science and politics of human well-being: A case study in cocreating indicators for Puget Sound restoration. Ecology and Society, 22: 11. Crossref, Google Scholar
- Bouwer, L, Haasnoot M, Wagenaar D and Roscoe K (2017). Assessment of alternative flood mitigation strategies for the C-7 Basin in Miami, Florida. Final Report for the South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL, USA, 70 pp. Google Scholar
- Boyd, J and Shabman L (2019). Environmental projects in urban areas: Analysis to support planning and budgeting for the US army corps of engineers. Resources for the Future, Report 19-09. Google Scholar
- [2017] Emergent Strategy: Shaping Change, Changing Worlds. Chico, CA: AK Press. Google Scholar
- [2008] Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. Google Scholar
- [2011] Promoting health and well-being by managing for social-ecological resilience: The potential of integrating ecohealth and water resources management approaches. Ecology and Society, 16: 6. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2021] Assessment of urban flood vulnerability using the social-ecological-technological systems framework in six cities. Sustainable Cities and Society, 68. Available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.102786 Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2015] Resilience trade-offs: Addressing multiple scales and temporal aspects of urban resilience. Environment and Urbanization, 27: 181–198. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2015] An ecology for cities: A transformational nexus of design and ecology to advance climate change resilience and urban sustainability. Sustainability, 7: 3774–3791. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2019] Urban ecological infrastructure: An inclusive concept for the non-built urban environment. Elementa Science of the Anthropocene, 7: 46. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2014] Advancing urban sustainability theory and action: Challenges and opportunities. Landscape and Urban Planning, 125: 320–328. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2010] Disaster resilience indicators for benchmarking baseline conditions. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 7: 1–22. Crossref, Google Scholar
- Department for Communities and Local Government (2009). Multi-criteria analysis: A manual. Department for Communities and Local Government, London. Available at http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/12761/1/Multi-criteria_Analysis.pdf. Google Scholar
- Farrell, D and Greig F (2018). Weathering the storm: The financial impacts of hurricanes Harvey and Irma on one million households. JP Morgan Chase Institute. Available at https://www.jpmorganchase.com/content/dam/jpmc/jpmorgan-chase-and-co/institute/pdf/institute-weathering-the-storm.pdf. Google Scholar
- [2005] Designed experiments: New approaches to studying urban ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment, 3: 549–556. Crossref, Google Scholar
- FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) (2018). Available at https://www.fema.gov/protecting-your-businesses. Google Scholar
- FIU (2018). The small business economy in Miami-Dade: Report on small businesses in Miami-Dade county. FIU Metropolitan Center. Available at https://business.fiu.edu/centers/sbdc/assets/pdf/FIU-Small-Business-Report-2018.pdf. Google Scholar
- [2002] Resilience and sustainable development: Building adaptive capacity in a world of transformations, Ambio, 31: 437–440. Crossref, Google Scholar
- Global Commission on Adaptation (2019). Adapt now: A global call for leadership on climate resilience. Published by the Global Center on Adaptation and World Resources Institute, 82 pp. https://gca.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/GlobalCommission_ Report_FINAL.pdf. Google Scholar
- [2013] Dynamic adaptive policy pathways: A method for crafting robust decisions for a deeply uncertain world, Global Environmental Change, 23: 485–498. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2013] Future flood losses in major coastal cities, Nature Climate Change, 3: 802–806. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2018] Our Changing Climate. Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II: Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States. In: Reidmiller, DRAvery CWEasterling DRKunkel KELewis KLMMaycock TKStewart BC (eds.), U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 72–144. Google Scholar
- [2018] Creating GIS-based planning tools to promote equity through green infrastructure. Frontiers in the Built Environment, 4: 1–5. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2003] Equity, environmental justice and sustainability: Incomplete approaches in climate change politics. Global Environmental Change, 13: 195–206. Crossref, Google Scholar
- Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) [2012] Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In: Field, CBBarros VStocker TFQin DDokken DJEbi KLMastrandrea MDMach KJPlattner G-KAllen SKTignor MMidgley PM (eds.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 582 pp. Google Scholar - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2014). Annex II: Glossary, Mach, KJ, Planton S and von Stechow, C (eds.), pp. 117–130, Climate change 2014: Synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [core writing team, R. K. Pachauri and L. A. Meyer, (eds.)]. IPPC, Geneva, Switzerland. Google Scholar
- [2019] Transforming urban water governance through social (triple-loop) learning. Environmental Policy and Governance, 29: 144–154. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2016] Nature-based solutions to climate change mitigation and adaptation in urban areas — perspectives on indicators, knowledge gaps, barriers and opportunities for action. Ecology and Society, 21: 2. Crossref, Google Scholar
- . [2019] Urban transformations to pursue sustainability through resource efficiency, quality of life and resilience: A conceptual approach. Geographia Technica, 14: 98–107. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2014] Building adaptive capacity in South East Queensland, Australia. Regional Environmental Change, 14: 501–512. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2016] Tipping elements and climate-economic shocks: Pathways toward integrated assessment. Earth’s Future, 4: 346–372. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2018]
Reducing risks through adaptation actions . In: Reidmiller, DR (eds.), Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States, Fourth National Climate Assessment, Vol. II. Washington, DC, USA: U.S. Global Change Research Program. https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH28. Google Scholar - Lloyd’s (2020). Cities at risk: Building a resilient future for the world’s urban centres. Available at https://www.lloyds.com//media/files/news-and-insight/risk-insight/2020/cities-at-risk_building-a-resilient-future-for-the-worlds-urban-centres.pdf. Google Scholar
- [2016] Positive visions for guiding urban transformations toward sustainable futures. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 22: 33–40. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2018] Interdependent infrastructure as linked social, ecological, and technological systems (SETSs) to address lock-in and enhance resilience. Earth’s Future, 6: 1638–1659. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2017] Spatial planning for multifunctional green infrastructure: Growing resilience in Detroit. Landscape and Urban Planning, 159: 62–75. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2015] Surprise and opportunity for learning in Grand Canyon: The Glen Canyon Dam adaptive management program. Ecology and Society, 20: 22. Crossref, Google Scholar
- Miami-Dade County (2018a). Report on the findings of the County’s study on the decline of seagrass and hardbottom habitat in Biscayne Bay. Resolution No. R-876-17. Google Scholar
- Miami-Dade County (2018b). Septic System Vulnerable to Sea Level Rise. Miami-Dade County report supporting Resolution No. R-911-16, 66 pp. Google Scholar
- [2019] Using spatial variability in the rate of change of chlorophyll to improve water quality management in a subtropical oligotrophic estuary. Estuaries and Coasts, 42: 1792–1803. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2019] The turbulent world of resilience: Interpretations and themes for transdisciplinary dialogue. Climatic Change, 153: 21–40. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2007] Categorising tools for sustainability assessment. Ecological Economics, 60: 498–508. Crossref, Google Scholar
- NOAA NCEI (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: National Centers for Environmental Information) (2020). Billion-dollar weather and climate disasters overview. Available at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/billions/. Google Scholar
- [2020] How are decision-science methods helping design and implement coastal sea-level adaptation projects? Variations, 18: 1–7. Google Scholar
- Resilient Greater Miami and the Beaches (GM&B) (2019). Resilient305 Strategy. Resilient Greater Miami and the Beaches, 154 pp. Google Scholar
- Rodin, J (2014). The resilience dividend. The Rockefeller Foundation, 368 pp. Google Scholar
- [2018] Action pathways for transforming cities. Nature Climate Change, 8: 756–759. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2014] From environmental to climate justice: Climate change and the discourse of environmental justice. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 5: 359–374. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2018] Positive tipping points in a rapidly warming world. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 31: 120–129. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2020] A quantitative assessment of vulnerability using social-economic-natural compound ecosystem framework in coal mining cities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 258: 120969. Crossref, Google Scholar
- Tanner, TM, S Surminski, E Wilkinson, R Reid, JE Rentschler and S Rajput (2015). The Triple Dividend of Resilience: Realising development goals through the multiple benefits of disaster risk management. Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) at the World Bank and Overseas Development Institute (ODI), London. www.odi.org/tripledividend. Google Scholar
- TetraTech (2014). Hillsborough county: Final summary of green infrastructure inconsistencies and barriers in codes and guidance with action items. TBEP Technical Report #08-14. St. Petersburg, FL. Available at https://www.tbeptech.org/TBEP_TECH_PUBS/2014/TBEP_08_14_Final_Technical_Memo_HillsboroughCo_GI_Code_Barrier_Evaluation.pdf. Google Scholar
- [2011] The social ecology of resilience: addressing contextual and cultural ambiguity of a nascent construct. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 81: 1–17. Crossref, Google Scholar
- United Nations (2015). Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015: Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Available at http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lang=E. Google Scholar
- U.S. Census Bureau (2010). American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Available at https://data.census.gov/cedsci/. Google Scholar
- Walsh-Russo, C (2016). Climate action plans and the “climate-just” city. Metropolitics. Available at https://metropolitiques.eu/Climate-Action-Plans-and-the-Climate-Just-City. Google Scholar
- [2016] Operationalizing ecosystem-based adaptation: Harnessing ecosystem services to buffer communities against climate change. Ecology and Society, 21: 31. Crossref, Google Scholar
- [2017] Adaptive capacity: from assessment to action in coastal social-ecological systems. Ecology and Society, 22: 22. Crossref, Google Scholar


