MEASURING THE BENEFITS OF RIVER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT USING THE CONTINGENT VALUATION METHOD: THE CASE OF THE PING RIVER, CHIANG MAI, THAILAND
Abstract
Rivers provide us with general life support, water supply, transportation, waste assimilation, and a wide array of recreation and tourism activities. However, due to undervaluation of the functions of rivers and river ecosystems, rivers of the world have been overexploited or degraded. To tackle the problem of undervaluation, this study measures the benefits of Ping River quality improvement using the contingent valuation method (CVM). The study estimates the lower-bound and higher-bound annual benefits gained by the residents of Chiang Mai District from the river quality improvement as 42,453,000 THB (1.25 million USD) and 102,835,317 THB (3 million USD), respectively. Moreover, in an attempt to explain the determinants of willingness to pay (WTP) statements, it was found that both behavioural and attitudinal factors affect WTP positively. The study also found distance decay, where WTP statements decreased with increased distance. And rather interestingly, male respondents tend to pay more than their female counterparts. Two other socioeconomic factors which affected WTP positively and significantly are education, partly because it can lead to a well paying and stable job, and normally raises the awareness of citizens towards environmental conservation, as well as income.
References
- Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 48, 155 (2005), DOI: 10.1080/0964056042000338136. Crossref, Google Scholar
- Alpizar, A, F Carlsson and P Martinsson (2001). Using choice experiments for non-market valuation. Working Paper in Economics, No. 52, Department of Economics, Gothenburg University . Google Scholar
- Arrow, JK, R Solow, PR Portney, EE Leamer, R Radner and H Schumand (1993). Report of the NOAA Panel on Contingent Valuation to the General Council of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Resources for the Future, Washington, DC . Google Scholar
-
I. J. Bateman , Economic Valuation with Stated Preference Techniques: A Manual ( Edward Elgar , Cheltenham, UK , 2002 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar - Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 43(2), 291 (2000). Crossref, Google Scholar
- Journal of Public Administration and Development 16, 215 (1996). Crossref, Google Scholar
- Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 17, 230 (1989), DOI: 10.1016/0095-0696(89)90018-1. Crossref, Google Scholar
- Environmental and Resource Economics 19, 173 (2001), DOI: 10.1023/A:1011128332243. Crossref, Google Scholar
- Water Resource Research 29, 2445 (1993), DOI: 10.1029/93WR00495. Crossref, Google Scholar
-
P. A. Champ , K. J. Boyle and T. C. Brown (eds.) , A Primer on Nonmarket Valuation ( Kluwer Academic Publishers , Dordrecht , 2003 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar - Regional Development Studies 11, 93 (2007). Google Scholar
- Francois, M (2001). Water pricing in Thailand: Theory and practice. Kasetsart University, DORAS Center, Research Report No 7 . Google Scholar
-
A. M. Freeman , The Benefits of Environmental Improvement: Theory and Practice ( Resource for the Future , Baltimore , 1979 ) . Google Scholar - Georgiou, S, I Bateman, M Cole and D Hadley (2000). Contingent ranking and valuation of water quality improvements. CSERGE discussion paper 2000-18. University of East Anglia . Google Scholar
- Journal of Environmental Management 68, 297 (2003), DOI: 10.1016/S0301-4797(03)00084-7. Crossref, Google Scholar
-
F. J. Hitzhusen (ed.) , Economic Valuation of River Systems ( Edward Elgar Publishing Limited , Cheltenham , 2007 ) . Crossref, Google Scholar - , A Primer on Nonmarket Valuation , eds.
P. A. Champ , K. J. Boyle and T. C. Brown ( Kluwer Academic Publishers , Dordrecht , 1991 ) . Google Scholar - Environmental and Resource Economics 7, 45 (1996), DOI: 10.1007/BF00420426. Crossref, Google Scholar
-
A. Lambert , Economic Valuation of Wetlands on the River Basin Scale ( Ramsar Convention on Wetlands , Gland , 2003 ) . Google Scholar - , A Primer on Nonmarket Valuation , eds.
P. A. Champ , K. J. Boyle and T. C. Brown ( Kluwer Academic Publishers , Dordrecht , 1974 ) . Google Scholar -
R. C. Mitchell and R. T. Carson , Using Surveys to Value Public Goods: The Contingent Valuation Method ( Resources for the Future , Washington, DC , 1989 ) . Google Scholar - National Statistical Office (NSO) (2008). Thailand environment statistics 2008. Available at http://web.nso.go.th/en/indicator/environ/ind_env08.htm. Accessed on 1 June 2009 . Google Scholar
- , Water Pricing in Thailand: Theory and Practice , ed.
M. François ( Kasetsart University, DORAS Center , 1992 ) . Google Scholar - Society and Natural Resources 13(2), 1 (2000). Google Scholar
-
A. Volker , Rivers of Southeast Asia: Their regime, utilization and regulation. Hydrology of humid regions with particular reference to the hydrological effects of agriculture and forestry production , Proceedings of the Hamburg Symposium ( IAHS Publ. , 1983 ) . Google Scholar - Water Environment Partnership in Asia (WEPA) (2008). State of water environmental issues: Thailand. Available at http://www.wepa-db.net/policies/state/thailand/thailand.htm. Accessed on 12 December 2008 . Google Scholar
- Welcome to Chiang Mai and Chiangrai (2008). Mae Ping River: Life line of Chiang Mai Province. Available at http://www.chiangmai-chiangrai.com/mae_ping_river.html. Accessed on 15 November 2008 . Google Scholar
-
K. G. Willis and J. T. Corkindale (eds.) , Environmental Valuation: New Perspectives ( CAB International , Wallingford, United Kingdom , 1995 ) . Google Scholar - , World Health Report 2001 ( WHO , Geneva , 2001 ) . Google Scholar
- , World Health Report 2005 ( WHO , Geneva , 2005 ) . Google Scholar
- , Meeting the MDG Drinking Water and Sanitation Target: A Mid-term Assessment ( WHO-UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme , Geneva , 2004 ) . Google Scholar


