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RATES OF DECLINE DISTINGUISH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT RELATIVE TO NORMAL AGING: INTEGRATING COGNITION AND BRAIN FUNCTION

The Brain Resource International Database and the Brain Resource Company, NSW 2007, Australia

The Brain Dynamics Center, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, and Western Clinical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia

Corresponding author.

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ROBERT H. PAUL

University of Missouri — St. Louis, Behavioral Neuroscience, St. Louis, USA

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MARTIJN ARNS

The Brain Resource Company B.V./Brainquiry B.V. Nijmegen, The Netherlands

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NORMAN GORDON

Department of Neurology, Brown University of School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA

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MATTHEW KUKLA

Brain Resource Company, Providence, Rhode Island, USA

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DONALD ROWE

The Brain Dynamics Center, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, and Western Clinical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia

Psychological Medicine, Western Clinical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia

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NICK COOPER

The Brain Resource International Database and the Brain Resource Company, NSW 2007, Australia

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JONSON MOYLE

The Brain Resource International Database and the Brain Resource Company, NSW 2007, Australia

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and

LEANNE M. WILLIAMS

The Brain Dynamics Center, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, and Western Clinical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia

Psychological Medicine, Western Clinical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia

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https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219635207001374Cited by:30

Abstract

Aims: Increasing age is the strongest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, departure from normal age-related decline for established markers of AD including memory, cognitive decline and brain function deficits, has not been quantified.

Methods: We examined the cross-sectional estimates of the "rate of decline" in cognitive performance and psychophysiological measures of brain function over age in AD, preclinical (subjective memory complaint-SMC, Mild Cognitive Impairment-MCI) and healthy groups. Correlations between memory performance and indices of brain function were also conducted.

Results: The rate of cognitive decline increased between groups: AD showed advanced decline, and SMC/MCI groups represented intermediate stages of decline relative to normal aging expectations. In AD, advanced EEG alterations (excessive slow-wave/reduced fast-wave EEG, decreased working memory P450 component) were observed over age, which were coupled with memory decline. By contrast, MCI group showed less severe cognitive changes but specific decreases in the working memory N300 component and slow-wave (delta) EEG, associated with decline in memory.

Discussion and Integrative Significance: While the cognitive data suggests a continuum of deterioration associated with increasing symptom severity across groups, integration with brain function measures points to possible distinct compensatory strategies in MCI and AD groups. An integrative approach offers the potential for objective markers of the critical turning point, with age as a potential factor, from mild memory problems to disease.

Keywords:

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Vol. 06, No. 01

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Received 8 November 2006

Accepted 19 February 2007

Keywords

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RATES OF DECLINE DISTINGUISH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT RELATIVE TO NORMAL AGING: INTEGRATING COGNITION AND BRAIN FUNCTION

Abstract

References

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