World Scientific
  • Search
  •   
Skip main navigation

Cookies Notification

We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience. By continuing to browse the site, you consent to the use of our cookies. Learn More
×

System Upgrade on Tue, May 28th, 2024 at 2am (EDT)

Existing users will be able to log into the site and access content. However, E-commerce and registration of new users may not be available for up to 12 hours.
For online purchase, please visit us again. Contact us at [email protected] for any enquiries.
Special Issue on the 18th IEEE International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (DDECS 2015); Guest Editor: Zoran StamenkovićNo Access

Analyzing Inconsistencies in UML/OCL Models

    https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218126616400211Cited by:20 (Source: Crossref)

    Modeling languages such as the unified modeling language (UML) or the systems modeling language (SysML) in combination with constraint languages such as the object constraint language (OCL) allows for an abstract description of a system prior to its implementation. But the resulting system models can be highly non-trivial and, hence, errors in the descriptions can easily arise. In particular, too strong restrictions leading to an inconsistent model are common. Motivated by this, researchers and engineers developed methods for the validation and verification of given formal models. However, while these methods are efficient to detect the existence of an inconsistency, the designer is usually left alone to identify the reasons for it. In this contribution, we propose an automatic method which efficiently determines reasons explaining the contradiction in an inconsistent UML/OCL model. For this purpose, all constraints causing the contradiction are comprehensibly analyzed. By this, the designer is aided during the debugging of his/her model.

    References

    • 1. J. Rumbaugh, I. Jacobson and G. Booch (eds.), The Unified Modeling Language reference manual (Addison-Wesley Longman Inc, Masachusetto, 1999). Google Scholar
    • 2. G. Martin and W. Mller, UML for SOC Design, 1st edn. (Springer, The Netherlands, 2005). CrossrefGoogle Scholar
    • 3. T. Weilkiens, Systems Engineering with SysML/UML:Modeling, Analysis, Design (Morgan Kaufmann, USA, 2007). Google Scholar
    • 4. J. Warmer and A. Kleppe, The Object Constraint Language: Precise Modeling with UML (Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA, 1999). Google Scholar
    • 5. M. Gogolla, F. Büttner and M. Richters, USE: A UML-based specification environment for validating UML and OCL, Sci. Comput. Program. 69 (2007) 27–34. Crossref, Web of ScienceGoogle Scholar
    • 6. M. Gogolla, M. Kuhlmann and L. Hamann, Consistency, independence and consequences in UML and OCL models, Tests and Proof Series in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Switzerland, 2009), pp. 90–104. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
    • 7. M. Kyas, H. Fecher, F. S. de Boer, J. Jacob, J. Hooman, M. van der Zwaag, T. Arons and H. Kugler, Formalizing UML Models and OCL Constraints in PVS, Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 115 (2005) 39–47. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
    • 8. A. D. Brucker and B. Wolff, A Proposal for a Formal OCL Semantics Isabelle/HOL, Theorem Proving in Higher Order Logics Ser. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Springer, Hampton, VA, USA, 2002), pp. 99–114. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
    • 9. B. Beckert, R. Hähnle and P. H. Schmitt, Verification of Object-Oriented Software: The KeY Approach Ser. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (Springer, Verlog Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, 2007). Google Scholar
    • 10. J. Cabot, R. Clarisó and D. Riera, Verification of UML/OCL Class Diagrams using Constraint Programming, 9–April 2008 IEEE Int. Conf. Softw. Test. Verif. Validation Workshop (2008). Google Scholar
    • 11. T. Mancini, Finite satisfiability of UML class diagrams by constraint programming, Description Logics (ACM, NewYork, USA, 2007) 547–548. Google Scholar
    • 12. H. Malgouyres and G. Motet, A UML model consistency verification approach based on meta-modeling formalization, Symp. Appl. Comput (2006). Google Scholar
    • 13. D. Berardi, D. Calvanese and G. De Giacomo, Reasoning on UML class diagrams, Artif. Intell. 168 (2005) 70–118. Crossref, Web of ScienceGoogle Scholar
    • 14. R. V. D. Straeten, T. Mens, J. Simmonds and V. Jonckers, Using Description Logic to Maintain Consistency between UML Models, The Unified Modeling Language, Modeling Languages and Applications (2003). Google Scholar
    • 15. D. Jackson, Software Abstractions, Logic, Language, and Analysis (MIT Press, Cambridge, 2006). Google Scholar
    • 16. K. Anastasakis, B. Bordbar, G. Georg and I. Ray, UML2Alloy: A Challenging Model Transformation, Int. Conf. on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (2007). Google Scholar
    • 17. E. Torlak and D. Jackson, Kodkod: A relational model finder, TACAS ser. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, eds. O. Grumberg and M. Huth (Springer, Heidelberg, 2007) 632–647. Google Scholar
    • 18. M. Soeken, R. Wille, M. Kuhlmann, M. Gogolla and R. Drechsler, Verifying UML/OCL models using Boolean satisfiability, Design, Automation and Test in Europe (2010). Google Scholar
    • 19. N. Przigoda, R. Wille and R. Drechsler, Contradiction analysis for inconsistent UML/OCL models, IEEE Int. Symp. Des. Diagnostics Electron. Circuits & Syst. (DDECS) 2015 (2015) 171–176. Google Scholar
    • 20. M. Gogolla and M. Richters, Expressing UML Class Diagrams Properties with OCL, Object Modeling with the OCL Ser. Lecture Notes in Computer Science eds., eds. T. Clark and J. Warmer (Springer, Germany, 2002), pp. 85–114. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
    • 21. D. Steinberg, F. Budinsky, M. Paternostro and E. Merks, EMF: Eclipse Modeling Framework 2.0, 2nd edn. (Addison-Wesley Professional, 2009). Google Scholar
    • 22. S. A. Cook, The complexity of theorem-proving procedures, in STOC71, Proc. Third Annual ACM Symp. on Theory comput. (1971). Google Scholar
    • 23. R. Brummayer and A. Biere, Boolector: An Efficient SMT Solver for Bit-Vectors and Arrays, Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems Ser. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, eds. S. Kowalewski and A. Philippou (Springer, 2009) 174–177. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
    • 24. Clark Barrett and Aaron Stump and Cesare Tinelli, The SMT-LIB Standard: Version 2.0, 2010, Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Satisfiability Modulo Theories (Edinburgh, UK), A. Gupta and D. Kroening. Google Scholar
    • 25. E. Torlak, F. S.-H. Chang and D. Jackson, Finding Minimal Unsatisfiable Cores of Declarative Specifications, Formal Methods 326–341. Google Scholar
    • 26. R. Wille, M. Soeken and R. Drechsler, Debugging of inconsistent UML/OCL models, Design, Automation and Test in Europe, Dresden (2012). Google Scholar
    • 27. J. Zhang, S. Shen, J. Zhang, W. Xu and S. Li, Extracting minimal unsatisfiable subformulas in satisfiability modulo theories, Comput. Sci. Inf. Syst. 8 (2011) 693–710. Crossref, Web of ScienceGoogle Scholar
    • 28. R. Gershman, M. Koifman and O. Strichman, An approach for extracting a small unsatisfiable core, Form. Methods Syst. Des. 33 (2008) 1–27. Crossref, Web of ScienceGoogle Scholar
    • 29. D. Große, R. Wille, R. Siegmund and R. Drechsler, Contradiction Analysis for Constraint-based Random Simulation, Forum on specification and Design Languages (2008) 130–135. Google Scholar