Symmetry as a Developmental Principle in Nature and Art

Looking beyond the boundaries of various disciplines, the author demonstrates that symmetry is a fascinating phenomenon which provides endless stimulation and challenges. He explains that it is possible to readapt art to the sciences, and vice versa, by means of an evolutionary concept of symmetry. Many pictorial examples are included to enable the reader to fully understand the issues discussed. Based on the artistic evidence that the author has collected, he proposes that the new ars evolutoria can function as an example for the sciences.

The book is divided into three distinct parts, each one focusing on a special issue. In Part I, the phenomenon of symmetry, including its discovery and meaning is reviewed. The author looks closely at how Vitruvius, Polyclitus, Democritus, Plato, Aristotle, Plotinus, Augustine, Alberti, Leonardo da Vinci and Durer viewed symmetry. This is followed by an explanation on how the concept of symmetry developed. The author further discusses symmetry as it appears in art and science, as well as in the modern age. Later, he expounds the view of symmetry as an evolutionary concept which can lead to a new unity of science. In Part II, he covers the points of contact between the form-developing process in nature and art. He deals with biological questions, in particular evolution.

The collection of new and precise data on perception and knowledge with regard to the postulated reality of symmetry leads to further development of the evolutionary theory of symmetry in Part III. The author traces the enormous treasure of observations made in nature and culture back to a few underlying structural principles. He demonstrates symmetry as a far-reaching, leading, structuring, causal element of evolution, as the idea lying behind nature and culture. Numerous controllable reproducible double-mirror experiments on a new stereoscopic vision verify a symmetrization theory of perception.

• On the Concept and Significance of Symmetry:
  • The Discovery of Symmetry
  • On the Term Symmetry from the Antiquity to the Renaissance
  • The Development of an Exact Concept of Symmetry through Scientific Progress
  • On Symmetry and Asymmetry as Evolutionary Factors in Nature. The Development of an Evolutionary Concept of Symmetry
  • Evolutionary Symmetrizations in Two and Three Dimensions. On the Syntax and Semantics of Symmetrism
• On the Problem of Organic Form Development:
  • Can an Artist Approach the World and Its Content Only in a Metaphorical Way?
  • Evolution: Fairy Tale, Theory or Fact? Can We Experience Evolution Directly?
• Evolutionism/Ars Evolutoria — The Theory of Light/Colour and Form, Morphogenesis, Morpho-Mutability and Morpho-Evolution as Causal Form Theory:
  • On the Question Whether There can be a Pre-Object, Pre-Morph “Life Process of Form” in Nature and Art
  • Preliminary Proof for the Principle of Symmetrization as a Form of Movement in Space and Time
  • Causes and Processes of Morphological Evolution. Essential Facts and Interpretations
  • The Architects Symmetrization and Asymmetrization as the Bases for the Perception of Objects and Order as well as Insight-Behaviour and Cultural Evolution
  • Reanimation of Modernism Using Integrating Neo-Renaissance
  • Evolutionary Symmetry Theory and Universal Evolution Theory

“Thus it is a great merit to have unrolled the phenomena of symmetries in their full breadth to a monumental work; whether in quanta, atoms, and crystals, or in corporeal forms, senses, and brains, or in the forms of all the artifacts that have originated from human activity. Only then will we become aware of our potentialities: the concert of relations that joins the inorganic and the organic, our sensibilities, our thoughts, and our deeds; that which reciprocally unites nature and culture in the human psyche.”

“This book is readable even for those, who have not made detailed studies in the phenomena of symmetry, asymmetry … It must be kept in reach to the desk of any researcher of the evolution and any specialist — regardless of his/her discipline — of symmetry phenomena.”